Penalty relief for reasonable cause

You may qualify to have certain penalties removed or reduced if you acted with reasonable cause and in good faith.

On this page

• Reasonable Cause
• Failure to File or Pay Penalties
• Accuracy-Related Penalties
• Information Return Penalties
• Apply for a Payment Plan
• How to Request Penalty Relief
• How to Appeal a Penalty Relief Decision
• Interest Relief

Reasonable cause

Reasonable cause is determined on a case by case basis considering all the facts and circumstances of your situation.

Reasons that qualify for relief due to reasonable cause depend on the type of penalty you owe and the laws in the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) for each penalty.

Reasonable cause doesn't apply to certain penalties such as the estimated tax penalty.

For businesses, the reasons apply to the person with authority to submit the return, deposit, or tax.

Failure to file or pay penalties

You may qualify for penalty relief if you demonstrate that you exercised ordinary care and prudence and were nevertheless unable to file your return or pay your taxes on time.

Examples of valid reasons for failing to file or pay on time may include:

• Fires, natural disasters or civil disturbances
• Inability to get records
• Death, serious illness or unavoidable absence of the taxpayer or immediate family
• System issues that delayed a timely electronic filing or payment

For more information see Policy Statement 3-2.

The following factors don't generally qualify as valid reasons for failure to file or pay a tax on time:

• Reliance on a tax professional. You're generally responsible for complying with tax law even if someone else handles your taxes. You should know what your tax preparer files and get proof that your return or payment is sent on time.
• Lack of knowledge. You're responsible for knowing or getting advice on how to file returns and pay or deposit taxes on time. This includes filing requirements, deadlines and amounts you owe.
• Mistakes and oversights. You're responsible for making sure your tax returns, payments and deposits are correct and on time. In certain cases, reasonable cause may apply to a mistake if additional facts and circumstances show that you tried to comply with tax law.
• Lack of funds. By itself, lack of funds is not reasonable cause for failing to pay or deposit taxes due. However, you may qualify for relief based on other facts and circumstances that show you used reasonable care and tried to comply with tax law.

Accuracy-related penalties

If you received an accuracy-related penalty, you may qualify for penalty relief if you acted with reasonable cause and good faith. To determine whether you qualify, we consider factors including:

• Efforts you made to report the correct tax
• The complexity of the tax issue
• Your education, experience, or knowledge of tax law
• Steps you took to understand your tax obligation or seek help from a tax advisor

If you relied on a tax advisor, we may consider:

• Whether you provided all needed information
• Whether your advisor was competent and experienced with the tax situation

Information return penalties

If you can show reasonable cause for failing to file accurate, timely information returns or payee statements, we may consider penalty relief if you prove:

• You acted in a responsible manner both before and after the failure by having:
  • Requested extensions of time to file when possible
  • Tried to prevent a foreseeable failure to file on time
  • Fixed any issues causing the failure
  • Corrected the failure as quickly as possible
  • Along with acting in a responsible manner, you must also prove there were significant mitigating factors with respect to the failure or the failure happened due to events beyond your control such as:
  • First time filer of the particular form or statement
  • Good compliance history
  • Actions by the IRS
  • Actions of an agent
  • Actions of another person
  • Access to relevant business records
  • Economic hardships that prevented electronic filing

  Apply for a payment plan

  If you can't pay the full amount of your taxes or penalty on time, pay what you can now and apply for a payment plan. You may reduce future penalties when you set up a payment plan.

  How to request penalty relief

  We may reduce or remove some penalties over the phone. Call the toll-free number at the top right corner of your notice to request penalty relief for reasonable cause and have supporting documentation.

  Have this information when you call:

  • The notice we sent you
  • The penalty you want relieved
  • The reasons you think we should remove it

  During the call, if you apply for reasonable cause but we "determined" you qualify for First Time Abate, we'll apply the latter. If you don't qualify for either or we can't approve your relief over the phone, you can request relief in writing with Form 843, Claim for Refund and Request for Abatement.

  To reduce or remove an estimated tax penalty, see:

  • Underpayment of Estimated Tax by Individuals Penalty
  • Underpayment of Estimated Tax by Corporations Penalty

  Explain the facts and circumstances around your late return, deposit, or payment, including:

  • What happened and when it happened
  • How the situation prevented you from filing your return or paying your tax on time
  • What attempts you made to file or pay your taxes

  You should also include supporting documentation such as:

  • Hospital, court records or a doctor's letter to confirm illness or incapacitation, with start and end dates
  • Documentation of natural disasters or other disturbances
  • Copies of relevant written letters and responses
  • Copies of receipts, forms or other documentation

  How to appeal a penalty relief decision

  If you received a notice or letter saying we denied your request for penalty relief, see Penalty Appeal Eligibility for next steps.

  Interest relief

  We charge interest on penalties. Interest increases the amount you owe until you pay your balance in full.

  We'll automatically reduce or remove the related interest if we reduce or remove any of your penalties. Find more information about the interest we charge on penalties at Interest.

  Get help

  • You can authorize someone to contact the IRS on your behalf
  • See if you qualify for help from a Low Income Taxpayer Clinic
  • If you can't resolve the penalty on your own, contact Taxpayer Advocate Service, an independent organization within IRS
  • If you can't find what you need online, call the IRS number on your notice or letter (prepare for long wait time)
  • For more help, contact the International Taxpayer Service Call Center